The Level of Authentic Followership in Madurese Public Organizations

  • Triyo Utomo Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Keywords: authentic followership, public organization, Madura, state civil servants

Abstract

Authentic followership is a research topic that is starting to be widely researched in the field of organizational behavior. This research aims to determine the level of authentic followership among members of public organizations in Madura. The method used is descriptive quantitative research. The scale used in this research is the authentic followership scale by Leroy. The participants in this research were 413 state civil servants who worked in various government agencies in Madura. The research results revealed that the majority of respondents (75%) were in the medium category. The remainder were classified as high (14%) and low (11%). These results can be used as a reference for further research discussing authentic followership.

References

1. de Zilwa D. The strengths and capacities of Authentic Followership. Leadersh Organ Dev J [Internet]. 2016 Jan 1;37(3):310–24. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/1823340627?accountid=31533
2. Baker S. Followership: The Theoretical Foundation of a Contemporary Construct. J Leadersh Organ Stud. 2007;14(1):50–60.
3. Reichborn-Kjennerud K. Key Insights into What Makes Public Organizations Learn from Training Programs. Nord J Work Life Stud. 2022;12(2):49–66.
4. Peng C, Liang Y, Yuan G, Xie M, Mao Y, Harmat L, et al. How servant leadership predicts employee resilience in public organizations: a social identity perspective. Curr Psychol [Internet]. 2023;42(35):31405–20. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04138-z
5. Coetzee L, Henning S. A tale of two ships: Follower attributions of leadership with reference to team morale in an air traffic control centre. South African J Econ Manag Sci [Internet]. 2019;22(1). Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85073344027&doi=10.4102%2Fsajems.v22i1.2109&partnerID=40&md5=cb0d497e531574313a9e026119465214
6. Hurwitz M, Hurwitz S. The romance of the follower: Part 2. Ind Commer Train [Internet]. 2009;41(4):199–206. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-67849121500&doi=10.1108%2F00197850910962788&partnerID=40&md5=c4a7437476c44467601dd32cf4cf27ee
7. Densten lain L, Gray JH. The Links between Followership and the Experiential Learning Model: Followership Coming of Age. J Leadersh Stud [Internet]. 2001 May;8(1):69–76. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2184545172?accountid=31533
8. Bastardoz N, Van Vugt M. The nature of followership: Evolutionary analysis and review. Leadersh Q [Internet]. 2019 Feb;30(1):81–95. Available from: http://10.0.3.248/j.leaqua.2018.09.004
9. Tak J, Seo J, Roh T. The influence of authentic leadership on authentic followership, positive psychological capital, and project performance: Testing for the mediation effects. Sustain [Internet]. 2019;11(21). Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074828143&doi=10.3390%2Fsu11216028&partnerID=40&md5=7a0646f707e2569965f9237d1aaf6058
10. Gardner WL, Cogliser CC, Davis KM, Dickens MP. Authentic leadership: A review of the literature and research agenda. Vol. 22, Leadership Quarterly. 2011. p. 1120–45.
11. Read JB. A decade of teaching followership: retrospective and guide. Ind Commer Train. 2020;(June).
12. Sarros JC, Gray J, Densten IL. Leadership and its impact on organizational culture. Int J Bus Stud. 2002;10:1–26.
13. Hinić D, Grubor J, Brulić L. Followership styles and job satisfaction in secondary school teachers in serbia. Educ Manag Adm Leadersh [Internet]. 2017;45(3):503–20. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85014920380&doi=10.1177%2F1741143215623787&partnerID=40&md5=32b763fe7195f00e5b918b8775e41be7
14. Rochwulaningsih Y. Petani Garam dalam Jeratan Kapitalisme : Analisis Kasus Petani Garam di Rembang , Jawa Tengah. J Masyarakat, Kebud dan Polit. 2007;20(3):228–39.
15. Utomo T. Pariwisata Madura Berbasis Partisipasi Masyarakat. Personifikasi [Internet]. 2019;10(1):72–84. Available from: https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/personifikasi/article/download/5692/3720
16. Sri L, Wulandari W, Surabaya UN. Potensi Kabupaten Bangkalan Sebagai Pusat Pariwisata Pulau. 2020;(November).
17. Utomo T, Masrifah M, Handoyo S, Fajrianthi F. Budaya Organisasi Positif dan Kepengikutan Otentik Pelaku UMKM Wisata Pesisir Selatan Bangkalan. Pers J Ilmu Psikol. 2023;14(1):32–46.
18. Hanik U, Mutmainah M. Analisis Kinerja dan Kebutuhan Petani Garam di Kabupaten Pamekasan Sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Desain Model Social Learning. J Sos Ekon Kelaut dan Perikan. 2020 Dec 30;15(2):237.
19. Tafolli F, Grabner-kräuter S. Employee perceptions of corporate social responsibility and organizational corruption : empirical evidence from Kosovo. 2020;20(7):1349–70.
20. Berman E, Sabharwal M, Wang CY, West J, Jing Y, Jan CY, et al. The Impact of Societal Culture on the Use of Performance Strategies in East Asia: Evidence from a comparative survey. Public Manag Rev [Internet]. 2013;15(8):1065–89. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84890433689&doi=10.1080%2F14719037.2013.816522&partnerID=40&md5=99881f91a851e0f781e6e2b512f005dc
21. Vasyunina ML, Kosov ME, Shmigol NS, Lipatova I V., Isaev EA, Medina IS, et al. Development and Implications of Controlling in the Public Sector. Emerg Sci J. 2023;7(1):207–27.
22. Carsten MK, Uhl-Bien M, Huang L. Leader perceptions and motivation as outcomes of followership role orientation and behavior. Leadership [Internet]. 2018;14(6):731–56. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046031635&doi=10.1177%2F1742715017720306&partnerID=40&md5=2d1669606cbef4d7bd2dd4b460918df3
23. Kang JW, Heo JH, Kim JH. The followership of hotel employees and the relationship between occupational burnout, job stress, and customer orientation: Targeting the hotel service providers at luxury hotels. Tour Hosp Res [Internet]. 2016;16(4):345–58. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84991408276&doi=10.1177%2F1467358415610374&partnerID=40&md5=900d90ef6c448952c77d56d0b482a69a
24. Zhu W, Avolio BJ, Riggio RE, Sosik JJ. The effect of authentic transformational leadership on follower and group ethics. Leadersh Q. 2011 Oct;22(5):801–17.
25. Samo AH, Qazi SW, Buriro WM. Labelling them is negating them: A phenomenological study of stereotypes and followers’ experiences about women leadership in Pakistan. Manag Res Rev [Internet]. 2019;42(3):391–411. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85057622261&doi=10.1108%2FMRR-04-2018-0170&partnerID=40&md5=6a4634e38f7f36fa8a85450c7c322b8d
26. Gatchair SD. Leadership and public financial management reforms in Jamaica. Int J Public Leadersh. 2018 Nov 12;14(4):297–308.
27. Crawford JA, Kelder JA. Do we measure leadership effectively? Articulating and evaluating scale development psychometrics for best practice. Leadersh Q. 2019 Feb 1;30(1):133–44.
28. Holt DT, Armenakis AA, Feild HS, Harris SG. Readiness for organizational change: The systematic development of a scale. J Appl Behav Sci. 2007;43(2):232–55.
29. Creswell JW, David Creswell J. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Fifth Edition. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications; 2018.
30. Leung C, Lucas A, Brindley P, Anderson S, Park J, Vergis A, et al. Followership: A review of the literature in healthcare and beyond. J Crit Care [Internet]. 2018 Aug;46:99–104. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2056364315?accountid=31533
31. Densten lain L, Gray JH. The Links between Followership and the Experiential Learning Model: Followership Coming of Age. J Leadersh Stud. 2001;8(1):69–76.
32. e Cunha MP, Rego A, Clegg S, Neves P. The case for transcendent followership. Leadership [Internet]. 2013;9(1):87–106. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84874289886&doi=10.1177%2F1742715012447006&partnerID=40&md5=e3b94c9541f27cfe5e3380457bd0f580
33. Carsten MK, Uhl-Bien M, West BJ, Patera JL, McGregor R. Exploring social constructions of followership: A qualitative study. Leadersh Q [Internet]. 2010 Jun;21(3):543–62. Available from: http://10.0.3.248/j.leaqua.2010.03.015
34. Kanter RM. Men and women of the corporation [Internet]. New York: Basic Books; 1977. Available from: http://marefateadyan.nashriyat.ir/node/150
35. Idris A, Amgheib A, Business School K. How Leadership Styles and Follower Characteristics Predict Follower Work Outcomes in Libyan Organisations DOCTORATE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION. [Kingston]: Kingston University; 2016.
36. Thomas P. Building transformative capability through civil service reform. Administration. 2021;68(4):73–96.
37. Bolton RN, McColl-Kennedy JR, Cheung L, Gallan A, Orsingher C, Witell L, et al. Customer experience challenges: bringing together digital, physical and social realms. J Serv Manag [Internet]. 2018;29(5):776–808. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2130787884?accountid=31533
38. Qomariah N, Friyanti D, Budisatoto E, Masram, Mu’ah. The impact of leadership style, work environment and job satisfaction on employee performance. Int J Eng Res Technol. 2020;13(8):2030–8.
39. Dalal RS. Contextual performance/prosocial behavior/organizational citizenship behavior. Encycl Ind Psychol. 2007;103–6.
40. Petersen K, Youssef-Morgan CM, Karl P, M. YMC, Petersen K, Youssef-Morgan CM. The “left side” of authentic leadership: contributions of climate and psychological capital. Leadersh Organ Dev J [Internet]. 2018 Jan 1;39(3):436–52. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2036392343?accountid=31533
41. Avolio BJ, Gardner WL, Walumbwa FO, Luthans F, May DR. Unlocking the mask: A look at the process by which authentic leaders impact follower attitudes and behaviors. Vol. 15, Leadership Quarterly. 2004. p. 801–23.
42. Qing M, Asif M, Hussain A, Jameel A. Exploring the impact of ethical leadership on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in public sector organizations: the mediating role of psychological empowerment. Rev Manag Sci [Internet]. 2020;14(6):1405–32. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-019-00340-9
43. Lee HJ, Oh HG, Park SM. Do Trust and Culture Matter for Public Service Motivation Development? Evidence From Public Sector Employees in Korea. Public Pers Manage. 2020 Jun 1;49(2):290–323.
44. Mei X, Iannacchione B, Stohr MK, Hemmens C, Hudson M, Collins PA. Confirmatory analysis of an organizational culture instrument for corrections. Prison J. 2017 Mar 1;97(2):247–69.
45. Crawford, J., Dawkins, S., Martin, A., & Lewis G. Conceptualising Authentic Followers and Developing a Future Research Agenda. In: Authentic Leadership and Followership [Internet]. Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India ; Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India: Emerald Group Publishing Limited; 2018. p. 271–94. Available from: https://search.proquest.com/docview/2138086250?accountid=31533
46. Rogers AT. Authentic Leadership, Trust in Leadership, and Employee Emotions of Frustration and Optimism: A Correlational Study. [Phoenix, Arizona]: Grand Canyon University; 2022.
47. Utomo T, Handoyo S, Fajrianthi F. Authentic Followership: Criticism of the Authentic Followership Models. Psychosophia J Psychol Relig Humanit. 2021 Oct 1;3(2):73–83.
48. van Loon NM, Vandenabeele W, Leisink P. Clarifying the Relationship Between Public Service Motivation and In-Role and Extra-Role Behaviors: The Relative Contributions of Person-Job and Person-Organization Fit. Am Rev Public Adm. 2017 Aug 1;47(6):699–713.
49. Kang JW, Heo JH, Kim JH. The followership of hotel employees and the relationship between occupational burnout, job stress, and customer orientation: Targeting the hotel service providers at luxury hotels. Tour Hosp Res. 2016 Oct 1;16(4):345–58.
50. Coxen L, van der Vaart L, Stander MW. Authentic leadership and organisational citizenship behaviour in the public health care sector: The role of workplace trust. SA J Ind Psychol. 2016;42(1).
51. Brewer AM. Leadership, coaching and followership: An important equation [Internet]. Leadership, Coaching and Followership: An Important Equation. Vice Chancellor’s Unit, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia: Springer Netherlands; 2014. 1–225 p. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84954594988&doi=10.1007%2F978-94-007-7463-6&partnerID=40&md5=9e36ba4240060767a76c23405d0c15a7
52. Reed GE. Expressing Loyal Dissent: Moral Considerations from Literature on Followership. Public Integr. 2014 Dec 1;17(1):5–18.
53. Zhu W, Avolio BJ, Riggio RE, Sosik JJ. The effect of authentic transformational leadership on follower and group ethics. Leadersh Q [Internet]. 2011;22(5):801–17. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.07.004
54. Gardner WL, Avolio BJ, Luthans F, May DR, Walumbwa F. “Can you see the real me?” A self-based model of authentic leader and follower development. Leadersh Q. 2005;16(3):343–72.
55. Caves RE. Industrial organisation. Econ Anal Multinatl Enterp. 2014;115–46.
56. Sangle-Ferriere M, Voyer BG. Friend or foe? Chat as a double-edged sword to assist customers. J Serv Theory Pract. 2019;29(4):438–61.
57. Gantman S, Fedorowicz J. Determinants and success factors of it outsourcing in the public sector. Commun Assoc Inf Syst. 2020;47:248–72.
58. Aksom H, Vakulenko V. Revisiting the scope and suggesting novel domains of institutional theory in the public administration research. Teach Public Adm. 2023;0(0):1–21.
59. Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3186–91.
60. Koike O. Institutionalizing performance management in Asia : looking East or West ? 2013;26(5):347–60.
61. Erkutlu H, Chafra J. Impact of behavioral integrity on organizational identification: The moderating roles of power distance and organizational politics. Manag Res Rev. 2016 Jun 20;39(6):672–91.
62. Voet J Van Der, Kuipers BS, Groeneveld S. Implementing Change in Public Organizations : The relationship between leadership and affective commitment to change in a public sector context CHANGE IN PUBLIC The relationship between. Public Manag Rev [Internet]. 2016;18(6):842–65. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2015.1045020
63. Parung GA, Hidayanto AN, Sandhyaduhita PI, Ulo KLM, Phusavat K. Barriers and strategies of open government data adoption using fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS: A case of Indonesia. Transform Gov People, Process Policy. 2018;12(3–4):210–43.
64. Priyanka, Jain M, Dhir S. Antecedents of organization ambidexterity: A comparative study of public and private sector organizations. Technol Soc. 2022 Aug 1;70.
65. Alavi SB, Gill C. Leading Change Authentically: How Authentic Leaders Influence Follower Responses to Complex Change. J Leadersh Organ Stud [Internet]. 2016 Aug 16;24(2):157–71. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051816664681
66. Noe RA. Employee Training & Development. Eighth. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2020.
67. Singh G, Kapoor S, Bansal V, Grewal M, Singh B, Goyal A, et al. Active surveillance with telemedicine in patients on anticoagulants during the national lockdown (COVID-19 phase) and comparison with pre-COVID-19 phase. Egypt Hear J [Internet]. 2020;72(1). Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85092615092&doi=10.1186%2Fs43044-020-00105-w&partnerID=40&md5=d22967e9f84ca660c950b793af732c73
68. Kumar SP, Saha S. Influence of Trust and Participation in Decision Making on Employee Attitudes in Indian Public Sector Undertakings. SAGE Open. 2017 Sep 1;7(3):1–13.
69. Ohta R, Yata A, Arakawa Y, Maiguma K, Sano C. Rural social participation through osekkai during the covid-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2021;18(11). Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85106698289&doi=10.3390%2Fijerph18115924&partnerID=40&md5=1bae1c3daf47133dfd4bb86f827fd14d
70. Bentlage E, Ammar A, How D, Ahmed M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, et al. Practical recommendations for maintaining active lifestyle during the covid-19 pandemic: A systematic literature review. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020;17(17):1–22. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85090053599&doi=10.3390%2Fijerph17176265&partnerID=40&md5=58f6074aa6ccd894d5abc5eb523e04d8
Published
2024-07-19
How to Cite
Utomo, T. (2024). The Level of Authentic Followership in Madurese Public Organizations. Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6, 31 - 37. https://doi.org/10.21070/pssh.v6i.524