The Role of Teacher Interaction and Self-Directed Learning on High School Students' Online Learning Satisfaction


  • (1) * Maulana Arif Muhibbin            Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember  
            Indonesia

  • (2)  Primatia Yogi Wulandari             Universitas Airlangga  
            Indonesia

  • (3)  Danan Satrio W            Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember  
            Indonesia

    (*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine how high school students' satisfaction with online learning is impacted by instructor involvement and self-directed learning. A quantitative methodology was employed, involving 340 pupils from five different Surabaya schools. Random cluster sampling with stratified sampling was the method used. The learner-instructor interaction questionnaire by Kang and Im (2014), the student satisfaction with online learning scale adopted from Dziuban et al. (2015), and the self-rating scale of self-directed learning derived from Sulasiwi et al. (2019) are the measuring tools used in this research. With a value (R Square) of 0.401, the regression test results indicate that student satisfaction with online learning is significantly influenced by both teacher interaction and self-directed learning. Self-directed learning provided 0.233 and instructor interaction contributed 0.454, respectively, to the total. Teachers should be able to acquire excellent communication skills in this way in order to teach. In addition, counseling sessions are held for students to help them become self-sufficient in their online education. It is well established that students who engage positively with teachers and who possess strong self-directed learning skills would be more satisfied with their online education, which leads to in online learning success.

References

Agustriyana, N. A., & Suwanto, I. (2017). Fully human being pada remaja sebagai pencapaian perkembangan identitas. JBKI (Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Indonesia), 2 (1) , 9. https://doi.org/10.26737/jbki.v2i1.244
Ahn, B. (2012). General satisfaction of students in 100% online courses in the department of learning technologies at the University of North Texas. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Texas]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.
Agarwal S. & Kaushik JS. (2020). Student's perception of online learning during COVID-19 Pandemic. Indian J Pediatr. 287(7):554. doi: 10.1007/s12098-020-03327.
Al-Sheeb, B., Hamouda, A. M., & Abdella, G. M. (2018). Investigating determinants of student satisfaction in the first year of college in a Public University in the state of Qatar. Hindawai Education Research International, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7194106
Al, M. et. (2017). Grit, growth mindset and deliberate practice in online learning. Journal of Instructional Research, 6(8).
Ali, A., & Ahmad, I. (2011). Key factors for determining student satisfaction in distance learning courses: A study of Allama Iqbal Open University (AIOU) Islamabad, Pakistan. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 12 (2), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.17718/tojde.10766
Alqurashi, E. (2019). Predicting student satisfaction and perceived learning within online learning environments. Distance Education, 40 (1), 133–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2018.1553562
Amalia, Saadah. (2020). Dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap kegiatan belajar mengajar di indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi, 13(2), 214–225. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.35760/psi.2020.v13i2.3572
Andersen, J. C. (2013). Learner satisfaction in online learning: An analysis of the perceived impact of learner-social media and learner-instructor interaction.[ Doctoral dissertatiton, University of East Tennesee]. Electronic Theses and Dissertations.
Arikunto, S. (2010). Penelitian suatu pendekatan praktik. Rineka Cipta.
Asmuni. (2020). Problematika pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Paedagogy: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 7(4), 281–288. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v7i4.2941
Aulia, F., Hastjarjo, T. D., Setiyawati, D., & Patria, B. (2020). Student well-being : A systematic literature review. Buletin Psikologi, 28 (1), 1–14. DOI: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.42979
Yildizay Ayyildiz & Leman T. (2015). Development of the self-directed learning skills scale. International Journal of Lifelong Education, DOI: 10.1080/02601370.2015.1091393
Azwar, S. (1994). Seleksi item dalam penyusunan skala psikologi. Bulletin Psikologi.
Azwar,S. (2011). Sikap manusia teori dan pengukurannya. Pustaka Pelajar.
Azwar, S. (2013). Reliabilitas dan validitas. Pustaka Pelajar
Azwar, S. (2013). Metode penelitian. Pustaka Pelajar.
Bawa, P. (2016). Retention in online courses : Exploring sssues and solutions a literature review. Sage Open, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244015621777
Best, B., & C.O., S. (2017). Transactional distance dialogic interactions and student satisfaction in a multi-institutional blended learning environment. European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning, 20 (1), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1515/eurodl-2017-0009
Bouhnik, D., & Marcus, T. (2006). Interaction in distance-learning courses. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(3), 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20277
Broadbent, J., & Poon, W. L. (2015). Internet and higher education self-regulated learning strategies & academic achievement in online higher education learning environments : A systematic review. The Internet and Higher Education, 27, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.04.007
Bishwas, Hakim, Alam. (2020). Online class and its psychological impact on satisfaction of university students in bangladesh during COVID–19 pandemic. International Multidiciplinary Research Journal, 2(4). DOI:10.5281/zenodo.4399326
Bramasta D. (2020, Juli 3). Menteri Nadiem wacanakan pembelajaran jarak jauh permanen, mungkinkah? Kompas. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2020/07/03/
Cahyani, A., Listiana, I. D., Puteri, S., & Larasati, D. (2020). Motivasi belajar siswa SMA pada pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(01), 123–140. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37542/iq.v3i01.57
Carson, Elaine Hendricks. (2012). Self-directed learning and academic achievement in secondary online students. [Doctoral dissertation, Colorado University]. Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations.
Cazan, Ana, Maria. ( 2014 ). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement in the context of online learning environtment. Learning and Software for Education Bucharest.
Crede, J., Wirthwein, L., Mcelvany, N., & Steinmayr, R. (2015). Adolescents ’ academic achievement and life satisfaction. Journal Education. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00052
Curtis, Alexa C. (2015). Defining adolescence. Journal of Adolescent and Family Health, 7(2).
Duckworth, A. L., and Seligman, M. (2010). Self-discipline outdoes IQ in predicting academic performance of adolescents. Psychol. Sci. 16, 939–944. doi: 10.1111/j. 1467-9280.2005.01641.
Dabbagh, N. (2007). The online learner: characteristics and pedagogical implications. contemporary Issues. Technology and Teacher Education, 7(3), 217- 226.
Demir, Ö., & Yurdugül, H. (2015). The exploration of models regarding e-learning readiness: reference model suggestions. International Journal of Progressive Education, 11(1), 173–194.
Diananda, A. (2018). Psikologi remaja dan permasalahannya. Istighna, 1, (1),116–133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33853/istighna.v1i1.20
Donat, M., Peter, F., Dalbert, C., & Kamble, S. V. (2016). The meaning of students’ personal belief in a just world for positive and negative aspects of school-specific well-being. Social Justice Research, 29(1), 73–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-015-0247-5
Durnali, Mehmet. (2020). The effect of self-directed learning on the relationship between self-leadership and online learning among university students in Turkey. Tuning Journal for Higher Education, 8 (1), 129-65. https://doi.org/10.18543/tjhe-8(1)-2020pp129-165.
Dziuban, C., Moskal, P., & Futch, L. (2007). Reactive behavior, ambivalence, and the generations: Emerging patterns in student evaluation of blended learning. Blended learning: Research perspectives,179-202.
Dziuban, C., Moskal, P., Kramer, L. & Thompson, J. (2013). Student satisfaction with online learning in the presence of ambivalence: Looking for the will-o’- the-wisp, The Internet and Higher Education. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.08.001
Dziuban, C., Moskal, P., Thompson, J., Kramer, L., DeCantis, G., & Hermsdorfer, A. (2015). Student satisfaction with online learning: Is it a psychological contract? Journal of Asynchronous Learning Network, 19 (2). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v19i2.496
Elisabet, H. (2010). Psikologi perkembangan suatu pendekatan sepanjang rentang hidup. Erlangga.
Elkins, Angie. (2015). Student satisfaction in hybrid course. [Doctoral dissertation, University of East Tennesse]. Electronic Theses and Dissertations.
Elshami, W., Taha, M. H., Abuzaid, M., Saravanan, C., Al Kawas, S., & Abdalla, M. E. (2021). Satisfaction with online learning in the new normal: perspective of students and faculty at medical and health sciences colleges. Medical Education Online, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2021.1920090
Elson, R. J., & Krispin, J. (2011). Students’ perceptions of instructor interaction , feedback , and course effectiveness in a large class environment. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 20, 1–19.
Eom, S. B. N. A. (2019). The determinants of Students’ perceived learning outcomes and satisfaction in university online education: An empirical investigation. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 4(2), 68–73. https://doi.org/10.1109/CONMEDIA46929.2019.8981813
Garratt-Reed, D., Roberts, L. D., & Heritage, B. (2016). Grades, student satisfaction and retention in online and face-to-face introductory psychology units: A test of equivalency theory. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 673. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00673
Geng, S., Law, K. M. Y., & Niu, B. (2019). Investigating self-directed learning and technology readiness in blending learning environment. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-019-0147-0
George, B. &. (2010). Online learning and student satisfaction: Academic standing, ethnicity and their influence on facilitated learning, engagement, and information fluency. Internet and Higher Education, 13(3), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.02.005
Ghozali, I. (2005). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program SPSS. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Greller, Santally, Boojhawon, Rajabalee, & Sungkur. (2017). Using learning analytics to investigate student performance in blended learning courses. Zeitschrift Für Hochschulentwicklung, 12 (1). https://doi.org/10.3217/zfhe-12-01/03
Harsasi, M., & Sutawijaya, A. (2018). Determinants of student satisfaction in online tutorial: A atudy of a distance education institution. The Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 19, 89-99.
Herianto Janna. (2021). Konsep uji validitas dan reliabilitas dengan menggunakan SPSS. OSF Pre Print.
Hart, C. (2012). Factors associated with student persistence in an online program of study: A review of the literature. Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 11(1), 19–42.
Hawkins, A., Graham, C. R., Sudweeks, R. R., & Barbour, M. K. (2013). Academic performance , course completion rates , and student perception of the quality and frequency of interaction in a virtual high school. Distance Education, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2013.770430
Herlina. (2013). Mengatasi masalah anak dan remaja. Pustaka Cendekia Utama
Helsa & Lidiawati. (2021). Pembelajaran online selama pandemi COVID-19, bagaimana strategi pembelajaran mandiri dapat mempengaruhi keterlibatan siswa. Jurnal Psibernetika,14 (1), 1-10.
Hettiarachchi, S., Damayanthi, B. W. R., Heenkenda, S., Dissanayake, D. M. S. L. B., Ranagalage, M., & Ananda, L. (2021). Student satisfaction with online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study at state universities in Sri Lanka. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111749
Hidayat, D. R., Rohaya, A., Nadine, F., & Ramadhan, H. (2020). Kemandirian belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan, 34(2), 147–154.
Hung, M. L., Chou, C., Chen, C. H., & Own, Z. Y. (2010). Learner readiness for online learning: Scale development and student perceptions. Computers and Education, 55(3), 1080–1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.05.004
Juliya, M., & Herlambang, Y. T. (2021). Analisis problematika pembelajaran daring.Genta Mulia. 281–294.
Kang, M., & Im, T. (2013). Factors of learner-instructor interaction which predict perceived learning outcomes in online learning environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(3), 292–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12005
Khalid, N. M. (2014). Factors affecting course satisfaction of online malysian university students. [Doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University]. Mountainscholar.org.
Kumalasari, D., & Zakiah, A. (2020). Resiliensi akademik dan kepuasan belajar daring di masa pandemi COVID-19: Peran mediasi kesiapan belajar daring. Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v9i2.4139
Kuo, Y. C., Walker, A. E., Schroder, K. E. E., & Belland, B. R. (2014). Interaction, internet self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning as predictors of student satisfaction in online education courses. Internet and Higher Education, 20, 35–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.10.001
Li, F., & Jhang, F. (2020). The relationship between interaction and student satisfaction with online learning in social work wndergraduates in China. Social Science and Higher Education,50, 23–27.
Linkous, H. M. (2021). Self-directed learning and self-regulated learning: What’s the difference? a literature analysis. American Association for Adult and Continuing Education, 118–122.
Loeng, S. (2020). Self-directed learning: A core concept in adult education. Education Research International, https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3816132
Martin, A. J., & Steinbeck, K. (2017). The role of puberty in students ’ academic motivation and achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 53,37–46.
Mead, M. S. (2011). The effect of self-directed learning readiness and online course quality ratings on student satisfaction. Paper Knowledge.
Metz, K. F. (2011). Predictors of secondary students achievement and satisfaction sn online courses. [Doctoral dissertation, Liberty University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (2012). Distance education: A systems view of online learning. Linda Schreiber-Ganster.
Napitupulu, R. M. (2020). Dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap kepuasan pembelajaran jarak jauh. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan, 7(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.21831/jitp.v7i1.32771
Nilayani , S. A. P. (2020). Survei kepuasan siswa terhadap proses belajar daring selama pandemi COVID-19. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(3), 453–462.
Noor, J. (2011). Metodologi penelitian: Skripsi, tesis, disertasi, dan karya ilmiah. Kencana.
Noviansyah, W., & Mujiono, C. (2021). Analisis kesiapan dan hambatan siswa SMK dalam menghadapi pembelajaran daring di masa pandemi. Jurnal Studi Guru Dan Pembelajaran, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.30605/jsgp.4.1.2018.522
O’Leary, P. F., & Quinlan, T. J. (2007). Learner–instructor telephone interaction: Effects on satisfaction and achievement of online students. International Journal of Phytoremediation. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923640701341661
Pramono, W. H., Sugiyanto, E. P., & Prasetyo, C. H. (2020). The overview of satisfaction level of online learning system student during COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences. http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/PICNHS Global
Prasetya, T. A., & Harjanto, C. T. (2020). Pengaruh mutu pembelajaran online dan tingkat kepuasan mahasiswa terhadap hasil belajar saat pandemi. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Dan Kejuruan, 17(2), 188–197. https://doi.org/10.23887/jptk-undiksha.v17i2.25286
Pratama & Mulyati. (2020). Pembelajaran daring dan luring pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Gagasan Pendidikan Indonesia, 1(2), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.30870/gpi.v1i2.9405
Rajabalee, Y.B., Santally, M.I. (2021). Learner satisfaction, engagement and performances in an online module: Implications for institutional e-learning policy. Educational Technology, 26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10375-1
Rahayu & Haq. (2021). Sarana dan prasarana dalam mendukung pembelajaran online pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Inspirasi Manajemen Pendidikan Volume 09(1).
Rappel, L. (2017). Self-direction in online language learning. University of Calgary, 87(1,2), 149–200.
Rustiyani, Sofyan D., Syafryadin. (2021). Levels of cognitive domain of tasks in english textbooks for senior high school: A revised Bloom's taxonomy analyses. English Education: Jurnal Tadris Bahasa Inggris, Vol.14 (2)
Rinawati & Darisman. (2020). Survei tingkat kejenuhan siswa SMK belajar di rumah pada mata pelajaran produk kreatif dan kewirausahaan selama masa pandemi covid-19. Journal of Science and Education (JSE) Vol. 1, No. 1,
Santoso, A. B. (2020). Tutorial & solusi data regresi. Penerbit Agung Budi Santso.
Sembiring, A. B., & Oktavianti, R. (2021). Persepsi siswa SMA selama pembelajaran daring. Koneksi, 5(1), 120–126.
Shen, D., Cho, M. H., Tsai, C. L., & Marra, R. (2013). Unpacking online learning experiences: Online learning self-efficacy and learning satisfaction. Internet and Higher Education, 19, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.04.001
Sinclaire, J. K. (2011). Student satisfaction with online learning : Lessons from organizational behavior. Research in Higher Education Journal Student, 1–20.
Strachota, E. (2006). The use of survey research to measure student satisfaction in online courses. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.
Strong, R. (2012). Investigating students’ satisfaction with e-learning sourses: The effect of learning environment and social presence. Journal of Agricultural Education, 53(3), 98–110. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2012.03098
Sulasiwi, Handayanto, S., & Wartono. (2019). Development of self rating scale instrument of self-directed learning skills for high school students. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 23(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.21831/pep.v23i1.18130.
Surahman, E., & Sulthoni. (2020). Student satisfaction toward quality of online learning in Indonesian higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Education and Technology, 120–125. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET51153.2020.9276630
Shi Y.Q. & Qu S.W. (2021). Cognitive ability and self-control’s influence on high school students’ comprehensive academic performance. Front Psychology, 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.783673
Sutia, C. & Sagita, S. (2020). Tanggapan siswa, orang tua dan guru terhadap pembelajaran jarak jauh selama pandemi COVID-19. Jurnal Inspirasi, 11(1), 156.
Tirrell, T. & Quick, D. (2012). Chickering’s seven principles of good practice: Student attrition in community college online courses. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 36 (8), 580–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668920903054907
Turley, C. & Graham, C. R. (2019). Interaction, student satisfaction, and teacher time investment in online high school courses. Journal of Online Learning Research, 5(2), 169–198.
Weerasinghe, I. M. S., Lalitha, R., & Fernando, S. (2017). Students’ satisfaction in higher education literature review. American Journal of Educational Research, 5 (5), 533–539. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-5-5-9
Wei, H., & Chou, C. (2020). Online learning performance and satisfaction : do perceptions and readiness matter ?. Distance Education, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2020.1724768
Williamson, S. N. (2007). Development of a self-rating scale of self-directed learning. Nurseresearcher, 2, (14), 66–84.
Wu, J. H., Tennyson, R. D., & Hsia, T. L. (2010). A study of student satisfaction in a blended e-learning system environment. Computers and Education, 55,(1), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.12.012
Yilmaz, R. (2017). Exploring the role of e-learning readiness on student satisfaction and motivation in flipped classroom. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 251–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.12.085
Yunus, M. (2018). Testing of stratified cluster sampling technique to produce unbiased estimator for parameter of population. El-Ghiroh, 15, (02).
Zahro, I. F., & Amalia, R. (2021). Deskripsi kemandirian belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran daring pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Attanwir Jurnal Keislaman dan Pendidikan, 12 (1). https :// doi.org/10.53915/ jurnalkeislamandanpendidikan. v12i1.50
Zeng, X. & Wang, T. (2021). College student satisfaction with online learning during COVID-19: A review and implications. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Higher Education, 182–195. https://doi.org/10.32674/jimphe.v6i1
Picture in here are illustration from public domain image (License) or provided by the author, as part of their works
Published
2024-07-23
 
How to Cite
Muhibbin, M. A., Wulandari , P. Y., & W, D. S. (2024). The Role of Teacher Interaction and Self-Directed Learning on High School Students’ Online Learning Satisfaction. Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6, 128 - 141. https://doi.org/10.21070/pssh.v6i.530