Antibacterial Activity of Rhizome Extracts of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm. Against Streptococcus pneumoniae
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Rimpang Lempuyang Gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm.) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae
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(1) * Jamilatur Rohmah
Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
Indonesia
(2) Chylen Setiyo Rini Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Research on the antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract of lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet (L.)
Roscoe ex Sm.) against Streptococcus pneumoniae has been carried out using the disc diffusion method.
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterium that can cause respiratory tract infections (ARI), in its handling, people
use antibiotics. Antibiotics themselves if used continuously lead to resistance. Currently, there are many studies
regarding traditional medicines as antibacterials. The purpose of this study was to determine the secondary
metabolite content of lempuyang elephant rhizome and to determine the antibacterial activity of lempuyang
extract on Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. The method used in this research is the diffusion method with
paper discs to determine the inhibitory power. The lempuyang plants used were obtained from the village of
Tegal Bulu Banyuwangi and isolates of S. pneumoniae were obtained from the Central Health Laboratory
(BBLK) Surabaya. The concentrations of the extracts used were 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% with a positive control
of chloramphenicol. The results showed that the ethanol extract of lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex
Sm.) could inhibit the growth of S. pneumoniae bacteria, which was known from the inhibition zone formed. The
inhibition test showed that the higher the concentration of lempuyang extract, the larger the diameter of the
inhibitor formed. In lempuyang, the highest inhibition diameter was found at a concentration of 100% at 43.9 ±
3.6 mm. The results of phytochemical testing showed that the ethanol extract of lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet
(L.) Roscoe ex Sm.) contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, triterpenoids, phenolics, and tannins.
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zerumbet (L.) J. E. Smith) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans.
Skripsi thesis. Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Agricuture and Coop, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
[2] de Guzman, C.C., and Siemonsma, J.S. 1999. Spices Plant Resources of South-East Asia. Backhuys
Publishers, Leiden.
[3] Iswantini, D., Silitonga, R.F., Martatilofa, E., and Darusman, L.K. 2011. Zingiber cassumunar,
Guazuma ulmifolia, and Murray paniculata Extracts as Antiobesity: In Vitro Inhibitory Effect on
Pancreatic Lipase Activity. Hayati J.Biosci., 18 (1): 6-10.
[4] Jantan, I., Salleh, M., Yassin, M., Chin, C.B., Chen, L.L., Sim, N.L., Salleh, M., Yassin, M., Chin,
C.B., Lee, L., Jantan, I., Salleh, M., Yassin, M., Chin, C.B., Chen, L.L., Sim, N.L., 2008. Antifungal
activity of the essential oils of nine zingiberaceae species antifungal activity of the essential oils of
nine zingiberaceae species. Pharm. Biol. 41 (5), 392–397.
https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.41.5.392.15941.
[5] Kaewchoothong, A., 2009. Preparation and quality control of Zingiber cassumunar extract with highyielded anti-inflammatory active compounds [Prince of Songkla University].
https://kb.psu.ac.th/psukb/bitstream/2016/10342/1/ 345242.pdf
[6] Nhareet, S., Nur, S. 2003. Anti inflammatory property of ethanol and water extracts of Zingiber
zerumbet. Indian J Pharmacol; 35(3):181.
[7] Huang, G.C., Chien, T.Y., Chen, L.G., Wang, C.C. Antitumor effects of zerumbone from Zingiber
zerumbet in P-388D1 cells in vitro and in vivo. Planta Med; 71(3):219-224
[8] Tewtrakul, S., Subhadhirasakul, S. 2007. Anti-allergic activity of some selected plants in the
Zingiberaceae family. J Ethnopharmacol; 109(3):535-538.
[9] Somchit, N.M., Shukriyah, N.M.H., Bustamam, A.A., dan Zuraini, A., 2005, Antipyretic and
Analgesic Activity of Zingiber zerumbet. International Journal of Pharmacology. Vol.1, No.3, 277-
280.
[10] Jantan, I., Rafi, I., Jalil, J. 2005. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor-binding antagonist activity
of Malaysian medicinal plants. Phytomedicine; 12(1):88-92
[11] Kader, G., Nikkon, F., Rashid, M.A., Yeasmin, T. 2011. Antimicrobial activities of the rhizome
extract of Zingiber zerumbet Linn. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2011)409-412.
[12] Jang, D.S., Han, A.R., Park, G., Jhon, G.J., Seo, E.K. 2004. Flavonoids and aromatic compounds
from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet. Arch Pharmacal Res; 27(3):386-389
[13] Jang, D.S., Seo, E.K. 2005. Potentially bioactive two new natural sesquiterpenoids from the
rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet. Arch Pharmacal Res; 28(3):294-296.
[14] Chien, T., Chen, L., Lee, C., Lee, F., Wang, C. 2008. Anti-inflammatory constituents of Zingiber
zerumbet. Food Chem; 110(3):584-589.
[15] Kähkönen, M.P., Hopia, A.I., Vuorela, H.J., Rauha, J.P., Pihlaja, K., Kujala, T.S., Heinonen M. 1999.
Antioxidant activity of plant extracts containing phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem;
47(10):3954-3962.
[16] Lin, L.Z., Harnly, J.M. 2007. A screening method for the identification of glycosylated flavonoids
and other phenolic compounds using a standard analytical approach for all plant materials. J Agric
Food Chem; 55(4):1084-1096.
[17] Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2018. Profil kesehatan Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementrian
Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
[18] Sari, M. P., & Cahyati, W. H. (2019). Tren Pneumonia Balita di Kota Semarang Tahun 2012-2018.
Higeia Journal Of Public Health. 3(3), 407–416.
[19] WHO. 2020. Traditional medicine. (serial online). Available from:
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs134/en/
[20] Kadioglu, A., Weiser, J.N., Paton, J.C., Andrew, P.W. 2008. The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae
virulence factors in host respiratory colonization and disease. 6(april):288–301.
[21] Nonmark-Henriques, B., Toumanen, E.I., 2013. The pneumococcus: Epidemiology microbiology, and
pathogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med, 3:a010215
[22] Bogaert, D., De Groot, R., Hermans, P.W.M. 2004. Streptococcus pneumonia colonisation: the key
to pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis.;4(3):144–54.
[23] Kristanti, A.N., Aminah, N.S., Tanjung, M., dan Kurniadi, B. 2008. Buku Ajar Fitokimia. Surabaya:
Airlangga University Press. Hal. 23, 47.
[24] Brooks, G.F., Butel, J.S., Morse, S.A. 2008, Mikrobiologi Kedokteran, Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg,
EGC, Jakarta.
[25] Arfan, R., 2016, Kloramfenikol 15 ug/disk digunakan sebagai kontrol positif karena merupakan
antibiotik yang sensitif terhadap bakteri Streptococcus pneumonia, Skripsi, Farmasi, Fakultas
Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar.
[26] Todar, K. 2011. Flora Normal Bakteri Pada Manusia. Jakarta: Binapura Aksara
[27] Safrida, Y.D., Yulvizar, C., dan Devira, C.N. 2011. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Berpotensi
Probiotik Pada Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger sp.). Depik. Vol. 1(3):200- 300.
[28] Suharjono., Yuniati, T., Sumarno., dan Semedi, S.J. 2009. Studi Penggunaan Antibiotika pada
Penderita Rawat Inap Pneumonia (Penelitian Di Sub Departemen anak Rumkital DR. Ramelan
Surabaya). Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian. Vol. 6 (3): 142- 155.
[29] Cowan, M.M., 1999. Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews Vol.
12, No. 4 : 564–82.
[30] Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S. 2008. Dasar-dasar Mikrobiologi 2. UI Press, Jakarta.
[31] Dzen., Sjoekoer, M. 2003. Bakteriologi Medik, Ed. 1. Malang. Bayumedia. Publishing, p 187-197 &
223-234.
[32] Chusnie, T. dan Lamb A. J. 2005. Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoids. International Journal of
Antimicrobial Agents. Vol. 26(1): 343–356.
[33] Rahayu, T. 2012. Deteksi Senyawa Isoflavon Daidzein dan Genistein pada Kultur In-Vitro Kalus
Kedelai (Glycyne Max Merr). Berk Penel Hayati. 18: 75-78.
[34] Sabir, A. 2005. Aktivitas Antibakteri Flavonoid Propolis Trigona sp terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus
mutans (In vitro), Dent. J., 38(3): 135-141.
[35] Jawetz, E., Melnick, J.L., Adelberg, E.A. 2010. Medical Microbiology. Edisi ke-25. Brooks GF,
Carroll KC, Butel JS, Morse SA, editors. New York: McGraw Hill Medical.
[36] Handajani, J., Regina, T.C. 2000. Pengaruh daya antibakteri ekstrak daun teh segar (Camellia
sinensis) terhadap Streptococcus alpha. Journal of the Indonesian dental association. 50 (2):14-21.
[37] Adriana Soto-Vaca, Ashley Gutierrez, Jack N. Losso, Zhimin Xu, dan John W. Finley. (2012).
Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds from Color and Flavor Problems to Health Benefits. Journal of
Agricultural and Food Technology. US: Lousiana State University.
[38] Puspitasari, I. 2011. Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Lempuyang Gajah (Zingiber
zerumbet (L.) J. E. Smith) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans.
Skripsi thesis. Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
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Published
2022-07-18
How to Cite
Rohmah, J., & Rini, C. S. (2022). Antibacterial Activity of Rhizome Extracts of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm. Against Streptococcus pneumoniae: Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Rimpang Lempuyang Gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoeex Sm.) Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus pneumoniae. Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3, 1007-1016. https://doi.org/10.21070/pssh.v3i.361
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Copyright (c) 2022 Jamilatur Rohmah, Chylen Setiyo Rini
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